Pressure mapping in seating: Effectiveness of materials and design
Lorraine Johnson, Anne Pearce, Marie Blackmore and Kelly Smith
Many cushions are used in seating to achieve postural control and manage pressure. However, there is little evidence regarding effectiveness. Two studies were conducted. The aim of the first study was determine the effects of a range of cushions commonly prescribed at the Cerebral Palsy Association of Western Australia on average pressure and pressure distribution in people without disabilities. Fourteen participants sat on 13 combinations of foam, design, covering and waterproofing techniques. The Force Sensing Array was used to create pressure maps of each participant seated on each cushion. Significant differences were found between the cushions, and these results informed the second study. The aim of the second study was to evaluate the effects of four cushions on average pressure, pressure distribution, maximum pressure, and self-reported comfort levels over a two-hour period. The four cushions selected for study two were: 50 mm foam with eggshell overlay, with slow foam overlay, with ischial tuberosity cut-out, and with slow foam and ischial tuberosity cut-out. These cushions were placed in wheelchairs and participants without disabilities remained seated on each cushion for an uninterrupted two-hour period. Results of this study are reported and the implications for clinical discussed.
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